![]() ![]() And odd numbers of stones make the garden looks balanced. Overviewing of the garden is somehow like islands floating on the sea. A 15 stones grouping which divided into 7, 5, 3 stones or subgroups (another saying) 5, 2, 3, 2, 3 stones was a symbol of islands and the ripples in the sea. The author reconstructed Ryōan Temple in the year of 1797, and the style became popular during that time. A book about garden-making ‘Tsukiyama Teizōden’ was written by Ritō Akisato. Small garden turned to be ‘seat and watch’ type not a ‘walk in’ type. It is a kind of simplified pattern which mostly made by samurais or monks. A new style of garden-making appeared during Muromachi Era. Meditation is a kind of inner strength not outward one. Mongolia emperor conquered Japan, and brought monks to Japan. When the monks came back they learned the culture about Pure Land Buddhism. Tea ceremony vessels, scroll painting, incense and lacquerware were all came from China. Zen spirituals were derived from the Song Dynasty thinking. In Kamakura Era (1185-1336 A.D.) the second wave of Chinese influence came to Japan. The so called ‘natural’ is internal other than external. Although they use natural material to make a garden, but the garden is a kind of abstractive. In Muromachi Era the gardeners are called Kawaramono, they are specialists of garden making. They are monks and also can be called gardeners. The monks who made the gardens were called ‘Ishidatesō’. Around a study room (shoin) there might be a dry garden (Karesansui) created. The Buddhism, Zen and scroll painting had great influences. (Shunmei Masuno 2003 p.8-15) Two surges of Chinese waves influenced Japan during Kamakura and Muromachi Eras. The degree of skill might be equal to the degree of spiritual realization. A realization in mind and change it into art is important. That means there has already Zen in mind and just paint it on the paper. A scroll painting of Zen should be a painting painted with Zen spirit. A scroll painting of Dharma is affected by Zen but might not be called as Zen painting. A Zen garden is not necessary to be located in a Zen temple. Zen is genuine, ultimate pursuing, and wholesome integrating, and is a kind of genuine practicing. Everything should be perfect, everything should make it extremely. In Japan they always called some artistry as ‘Dō’ such as, calligraphy (shodō), flower arrangement (kadō), tea ceremony (sadō), kendo (kendō), judo (judō) and bushido (bushidō). Thus Zen should be looked as a kind of spiritual, invisible and philosophical activity. They concentrate on it and become a kind of spiritually centralized state. So, in China it is also called ‘zuòchán’ that means seating meditation. The meaning of the word ‘Zen’ means meditate silently, and in India, people seat for meditation by crossing their legs. Thus in China it is called ‘Channa’ and finally the last syllable missed to become ‘Chan’. In India it is called ‘Dhyana’ and is called ‘Jhana’ in Bali. tea ceremony, Noh play, sword play, Japanese archery and calligraphy. The influences of Zen are widely spread i.e. Although Zen art might look like simple, it seems that there is something spiritual and would strengthen our hearts. And anything related with Zen will gather interests such as, Zen art, Zen Buddhism. Background and Objectives Zen is written as in Japanese and the pronunciation also ‘Zen’, in recent years the westerners are more interested with it. With landscape facilities of dry stream, water basin, ‘Run and Chase’ grouping stone, three-stone grouping, small pond and stone lantern to intimate the Zen garden.ġ. An empirical test garden built in the campus of National Pingtung University of Science and Technology. There tea ceremonies were opened very often. Sankei Garden is a natural style garden which built in Edo era, and has Study room (Shoin) style tea house in it. ![]() The garden in Ginkaku Temple using sand to make waves for imitating sea waves also very famous. The 15 stones were famous across the world. Rito Akisato built the Ryoan Temple in 1797. Most of the arts such as tea ceremony, painting, incense, lacquer ware…etc. In Muromachi Era and Kamakura Era, Japanese culture was profoundly influenced by the Chinese Song and Yuan Dynasty. A Zen painting which means the thinking in mind of the author expressed on the painting. Indian people’s meditation is somehow like sitting, so Zen also called “Zazen” means sit and meditation. “Zen” in Chinese called “Chan” welcomed by the Western countries. ![]()
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